![]() ![]() Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, T1D is thought to develop through immune system activation against β-cell antigens and the initiation of proinflammatory cytokine responses. It is primarily a disease of youth, accounting for approximately 85% of cases in people under the age of 20 and 5% to 10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic immune-mediated disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. This article focuses primarily on the role of MSCs in the treatment of T1D and compares the feasibility, benefits, and drawbacks of MSCs in the treatment of T1D. Large-scale studies are required to discover the mechanism of action of MSCs after administration as well as the optimal route, dose, and timing to maximize the benefits to patients. However, some of the disadvantages of its use in clinical practice are limited to its method of collection, proliferation rate, cell activity with age, and the risk of tumour formation identified in some studies. They play an essential role in lowering levels of fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, and C-peptide, and in treating microvascular complications associated with T1D. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a highly promising novel treatment for T1D and their discovery has advanced biological sciences by allowing for modification of cell fate and the development of higher-order cellular structures. Islet cell transplantation and pancreatic transplantation are two additional treatments that have gained popularity in recent years, but their clinical application may be limited by the need for high doses of immunosuppressants, the rarity of human cadaveric islets, and the need for extensive surgery in pancreatic transplantation. However, it is not a cure for the disease. To date, exogenous insulin is the most common treatment for T1D. Although the exact cause of diabetes remains unknown, it is hypothesized that genetic factors, environmental factors, and exposure to certain viruses play a role in the development of T1D. ![]() According to the International Diabetes Federation, an estimated 700 million adults will suffer from diabetes by 2045. It was once called "juvenile diabetes" since the disease frequently occurs in children, but it can also develop in adults. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease characterized by inadequate or absent insulin production due to the autoimmune destruction of beta (β) cells in the pancreas.
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